Modelo integrado de seleção de cargas e reposicionamento de contêineres vazios no transporte marítimo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4237/transportes.v20i1.442Abstract
Este artigo trata do problema integrado de escolha de cargas e reposicionamento de contêineres vazios no transporte marítimo, visando maximizar a receita total. O problema é modelado como de fluxo em rede multiproduto, possibilitando considerar restrições encontradas na prática, tais como horizonte de planejamento de longo prazo; diferentes tipos de contêineres; múltiplos navios e rotas e suas respectivas programações; capacidades dos navios em termos de número máximo de contêineres cheios e vazios por tipo, e peso máximo total, para cada rota e trecho entre dois portos, etc. O modelo proposto foi implementado em C++ e resolvido através do software de otimização GUROBI e utiliza planilha para entrada de dados. O mesmo foi aplicado a instâncias de testes compreendendo diferentes números de cargas. Os resultados evidenciam que o modelo permite resolver o problema de forma eficiente em tempos de processamento reduzidos.
Abstract: This paper deals with the integrated problem of selecting shipments and repositioning empty containers in the maritime transportation, aiming to minimize the total revenue. The problem is modeled as a multi-commodity network flow that allows us to consider constraints found in practice including long planning horizon; different container types; several ships, routes and their respective schedules; routes that allow one port to be visited more than once; ship capacities in terms of maximum number of loaded and empty containers by type and total maximum weight, for each ship and route stretch between two ports, etc. The proposed model was implemented in C++ and solved by GUROBI optimization software, as well as a spreadsheet to store input data. It was applied to instances, comprising different number of shipments. The results show that our model can effectively solve the problem to optimality in very short CPU times.
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