Road markings: important aspects related to retroreflectivity performance and the use of 3-D printing for dosage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14295/transportes.v30i1.2517Keywords:
Transit network design, Frequency setting problem, Genetic algorithm, Multi-objective transportationAbstract
Road markings are continuously present on the path taken by users, making it essential that they present adequate retroreflectivity. In this context, the present paper sought to evaluate factors related to the retroreflectivity of road markings, using field evaluations. In addition, the study used three-dimensional printed plates to identify the effect of macrotexture on retroreflectivity. The results indicate that the geometry of the retroreflectometer (15 and 30 m), the color of the markings (white and yellow) and the periodic cleaning of the markings significantly affect retroreflectivity. Furthermore, the study aimed to find a correlation between the marking’s retroreflectivity performance and its microtopography (surface micro and macro textures). Pearson's correlation coefficients indicated a moderate association between the microtopography parameters and retroreflectivity. For macrotexture, the results from the 3D printing plates showed a significant relationship between macrotexture and retroreflectivity, with higher values of retroreflectivity for smaller mean texture depth. Results also indicated that the ideal application rate of drop-on glass beads is inconstant and varies depending on the macrotexture.
Downloads
References
ABNT (2013). NBR 15426: Sinalização vertical viária — Método de medição da retrorrefletividade utilizando retrorrefletômetro portátil. Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas.
Abboud, N., Bowman, L. B. (2002). Cost and Longevity Based Scheduling of Paint and Thermoplastic Striping. Paper presented at the 81st Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3141/1794-07
ASTM (2008). E965-15: Standard Test Method for Measuring Pavement Macrotexture Depth Using a Volumetric Technique. West Conshohocken: American Society for Testing and Materials.
ASTM (2018). E1710-18: Standard Test Method for Measurement of Retroreflective Pavement Marking Materials with CEN-Prescribed Geometry Using a Portable Retroreflectometer. West Conshohocken: American Society for Testing and Materials.
ASTM (2018). E303-93: Standard Test Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Properties Using the British Pendulum Tester. West Conshohocken: American Society for Testing and Materials.
Bernucci, L. B., Motta, L. M. G., Ceratti, J. A. P., Soares, J. B. (2010). Pavimentação Asfáltica: Formação básica para engenheiros. 3ª Reimpressão. Rio de Janeiro: PETROBRAS - ABEDA.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum.
DAER – RS (2013). Instrução de serviço para estudos e projetos CREMA. Porto Alegre: Departamento Autônomo de Estradas de Rodagem do estado do Rio Grande do Sul.
DNER (2000). EM – 276: Tinta para sinalização horizontal rodoviária à base de resina acrílica emulsionada em água. Rio de Janeiro: Ministério dos Transportes – Instituto de Pesquisas Rodoviárias.
DNIT (2006). ES – 031: Pavimentos flexíveis - Concreto asfáltico. Rio de Janeiro: Ministério dos Transportes – Instituto de Pesquisas Rodoviárias.
DNIT (2017). Manual de Custos de Infraestrutura de Transportes. Rio de Janeiro: Ministério dos Transportes, Portos e Aviação Civil – Instituto de Pesquisas Rodoviárias.
DNIT (2018). ES – 100: Obras complementares – Segurança no tráfego rodoviário – Sinalização horizontal. Rio de Janeiro: Ministério dos Transportes, Portos e Aviação Civil – Instituto de Pesquisas Rodoviárias.
European Standard (2018). EN 1436:2018 - Road marking materials - road marking performance for road users and test methods. European Committee for Standardization. Brussels.
FHWA. (2008) Preliminary Economics Impacts of Implementing Minimum Levels of Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity. Washington DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Office of Safety.
Hummer, J. E., Rasdorf, W., Zhang, G. (2011) Linear mixed-effects models for paint-marking retroreflectivity data. Journal of Transportation Engineering, vol. 137, N. 10, p. 705 – 716. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000283
Moreira, H., Menegon, R. (2003). Sinalização Horizontal. São Paulo: Editora Master Set.
Mull, D. M., Sitzabee, W. E. (2012). Paint Pavement Marking Performance Prediction Model. Journal of Transportation Engineering, vol.138, N. 5, p. 618 – 624. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000360
Parker, N. A., Meja, J. S. M. (2003) Evaluation Of The Performance Of Permanent Pavement Markings. Transportation Research Record: Journal of Transportation Research Board, n. 1824, 123 – 132. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3141/1824-14
Rasdorf, W. J., Hummer, J. E., Zhang, G., Sitzabee, W. E. (2009) Pavement Marking Performance Analysis. Raleigh: North Carolina Department For Transportation, Research and Development Group.
Renz, E. M. (2018) Avaliação do comportamento da retrorrefletividade de pintura de demarcação viária em micro revestimento asfáltico a frio. Dissertação de Mestrado. Santa Maria: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria.
Salles, L. S., Pereira, D., Teixeira, D. K., Specht, L. P. (2015). Avaliação retrorrefletiva de pintura de demarcação horizontal: peculiaridades e considerações sobre a norma e os requisitos mínimos nacionais. Transportes, vol. 3, n. 3, pp. 5 – 17. Available at: https://doi.org/10.14295/transportes.v23i3.886
Salles, L. S., Pereira, D., Teixeira, D. K., Specht, L. P. (2016). Road Markings Retroreflectivity Experimental Assesment: Observations on Rainfall, Dirt, Retroreflectometer Geometry and Minimum Requirements. Paper presented at the 95st Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
Schwab, M. S. F. (1999). Estudo do Desempenho dos Materiais de Demarcação Viária Retrorrefletivos. Dissertação de Mestrado. Ouro Preto: Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.
Stizabee, W. E., Hummer, J. E., Rasdorf, W. (2009). Pavement Marking Degradation Modelling and Analysis. Journal of Infraestructure Systems, Vol. 15, no. 3, 2009. P. 190 – 199. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(2009)15:3(190)
Thamizharasan, A., Sarasua, W. A., Clarke, D., Davis, W. J. (2003). A Methodology for Estimating the Lifecycle of Interstate Highway Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity. Paper presented at the 82st Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Deividi da Silva Pereira, Eduardo Martins Renz, Lucas Dotto Bueno, Luciano Pivoto Specht, Lucio Salles de Salles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who submit papers for publication by TRANSPORTES agree to the following terms:
- The authors retain the copyright and grant Transportes the right of first publication of the manuscript, without any financial charge, and waive any other remuneration for its publication by ANPET.
- Upon publication by Transportes, the manuscript is automatically licensed under the Creative Commons License CC BY 4.0 license. This license permits the work to be shared with proper attribution to the authors and its original publication in this journal.
- Authors are authorized to enter into additional separate contracts for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the manuscript published in this journal (e.g., publishing in an institutional repository or as a book chapter), with recognition of the initial publication in this journal, provided that such a contract does not imply an endorsement of the content of the manuscript or the new medium by ANPET.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their personal websites) after the editorial process is complete. As Transportes provides open access to all published issues, authors are encouraged to use links to the DOI of their article in these cases.
- Authors guarantee that they have obtained the necessary authorization from their employers for the transfer of rights under this agreement, if these employers hold any copyright over the manuscript. Additionally, authors assume all responsibility for any copyright infringements by these employers, releasing ANPET and Transportes from any responsibility in this regard.
- Authors assume full responsibility for the content of the manuscript, including the necessary and appropriate authorizations for the disclosure of collected data and obtained results, releasing ANPET and Transportes from any responsibility in this regard.
